Sports rights laws in Iran
امید نوید
کارشناس ارشد حقوق و مربی ملی فدراسیون ژیمناستیک
Senior Lecturer of Law and the National Federation of Gymnastics
Review:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the laws of sports rights, this is a qualitative research study (1) and, if necessary, the objectives of the research that has been added, a researcher with the library and field qualitative study, to the total instrumented of data, the study population, the opinions of experts and documents. To analyze research data and analysis, inductive and deductive content analysis methods were used. According to the research findings, it was determined that a new category of sports rights is the right to review the legal effect of sports activities deals. Sport as a social phenomenon, due to the increasing development of the various nations, as a matter of science, will be examined. Rights as well as social development of sports systematic attempt is a social phenomenon. Discussion of civil liability, athletes, teachers, coaches, athletic administrators, spectators and manufacturers of sports or criminal topics in sports activities, sports rights is an important issue, the constitution, laws, social norms, regulations and rules has been expressed.
Keyword:
Sports rights, civil liability, criminal responsibility
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the laws of sports rights is In Iran. This is a qualitative research study (1) during the investigation and, if necessary, is added to the purposes. Researcher with tools to measure the quality of the library collection is discussed survey, opinions of experts and documents have been of data, the study population, the opinions of experts and documents. To analyze research data and analysis, inductive and deductive content analysis methods were used. According to the research findings, it was determined that a new category of sports rights is the right to review the legal effect of sports activities deals. Sport as a social phenomenon, due to the increasing development of the various nations, as a
Matter of science, will be examined. Rights as well as social development of sports systematic attempt is a social phenomenon. Discussion of civil liability, athletes, teachers, coaches, athletic administrators, spectators and manufacturers of sports or criminal topics in sports activities, sports rights is an important issue, the constitution, laws, social norms, regulations and rules has been expressed.
Keyword:
Sports law, civil liability, criminal responsibility
Introduction
In today’s world, sport is one of the effective ways and moral education, especially for young people, more scientific means to face the day. With his human alter ego sports days are over. The sport began to be regarded as the beginning of the creation of man, to stay and live there, and to appeal to the muscles of his life, he will exercise outfit. Human life is a speaking exercise need to rotate the world to the maturity date is reached. Recommendations aimed at addressing the exercise of religious leaders can be seen in the words of the Great Leader of the Revolution have said: God willing athletes as they are physical exercise, mental exercise is also to be reminded of the old players Allah and Ali and the bumps they have been (3). Prophet said: Teach your children swimming and archery (16). Today, sports games are not sports, craft, trade and industry. Sports, now, with the value and importance of community and a variety of economic, political, social and individual. What is the political dimension within the boundaries or outside the boundaries of the sport has held high positions. Volleyball and win valuable tool for promoting and establishing a national reputation And therefore huge budget and lots of manpower development in the field of sports, be spent. Various governments are trying to invest in the sport , the authority has to prove himself to the world. When exercising the political actions of the warring states. Iranian-born Israeli athletes withdrew from the competition is an example of such action. Diversion of public opinion on current issues in sports through extensive advertising and use of athletes in other aspects of the election exercise in
politics. Athletes are representatives of national pride and values of the people of our nations. The increasing importance has led legal scholars willing to establish some discipline as “sports law” are Predict and bet on games, and promotes hair and tattoos modes of work and the importance of exercise in social issues. Sports instrument public health and welfare of mankind can be effective in the prevention and treatment of addictive disorders is States and competent and resourceful on the sports investment in their people are doing their homework. That exercise is important in today’s world has led to a variety of subjects such as sociology, medicine, management and … Be. Tantamount to a review of the rights of another social phenomenon is discussed. In the context of our country’s fledgling sports rights and judicial procedure, so that we have to fight this phenomenon and the social benefits of sport are addressed. Accordingly, in terms of time-consuming issues in the sports world and the advertising world that Islam is not enough was found necessary to exercise the profile of the sport in general and Islam in terms of jurisprudence and legal aspects are examined And set to be released. However, the provisions relating to the exercise of rights issues in sports, especially in our country, unfortunately, it is not this string field is very young The rules and regulations that govern the course is determined the country is mostly foreign experts. even in wrestling is considered the main exercise (11). Aghaie Nia (1369) in his sports rights and general principles of criminal law and civil liability accidents and sports action sports deals The authors reached the conclusion that the subject of the law eventually mass tort, fault, liability, penalty, compensation and condemnation of such issues is And administration of sports with a broader vision of waking up to the realities of the legal duty to the ultimate sports injury and would inviolate (2) His other book on the civil liability of the responsible physician team Committed to provide professional medical services to athletes and his wages by the institution or a legal person and … Is provided And responsibilities of owners and managers of clubs that Sport for the design of fault maintenance, sports facilities and the responsibilities of judges and practitioners will also be responsible for (2). Elsewhere she is not guilty based on the theory of action sports related injuries, sports administration and the legal protection of And that in the second paragraph of Article III of the constitution: physical education free and making it the responsibility of government facilities as And this is a sign of status among the major sports organizations, sports (4). Katouzian (1376) in his book is part of the civil liability arising from errors sports and exercise and its effect on the legal relationship raises and the general rules of the sport, not because of some crimes, such as assault, this is permissible. And standard error of the sport “athlete behavior informed and prudent action in situations that are actually harmful to the point of criminal responsibility (12). Katouzian (1378) in his paper and all kinds of sports law and sports law and the responsibilities of the error can be investigated in three areas:1 ) In relation to athletes playing sports, 2) in conjunction with third parties, and especially the athletes and coaches, spectators, and 3) in conjunction with the Institute of Sport athletes and coaches and has The result has been a Writer: The standard error of the sport athlete aware and cautious attitude in conditions that would be detrimental to the verb. Liability and damages that viewers will see a game, it is primarily the responsibility of the organizers, the players or the spectators unless the error is. It is a fault-based liability based on the failure to secure the audience knew it (12). Najafi Tavana (17) of their paper to the rules and regulations in relation to the dominant sport in some aspect of international special agreement, pays In the case of sports events as well as any physical injury, Either financially or psychologically during exercise in athletic contests or practices that are deemed to be entered into on the other hand, This sports and sporting events with the provisions of the Act or the regulations is not guilty and not guilty of sporting events of the bet is subject to multiple (17). However, in connection with the exercise of any kind is Regulations governing the observance of rules and regulations will make it the first place: Secondly, the physical and mental aspects of sport education: Attractiveness and thirdly to health and environment of the sports require athletes. The rules are different in every sport under certain conditions that are part of the International Switching to exercise and to refrain from lethargy and sluggishness in the history of the word in Persian poets From the wild Bafghi Yazdi, military, Khajavi Kermani, Saadi, Hafez and Ferdowsi’s famous poem decorate all sports circles.
زنیرو بود مرد را راستی زسستی کژی آید و کاستی
“Truly the man is serving of laziness perversity and shortcomings”
This is the type of qualitative research (1) during the investigation and, if necessary, is added to the purposes, Researcher with tools to measure the quality of the library collection is discussed track and Field, A survey of opinions of experts and documents. To analyze research data and analysis, inductive and deductive content analysis methods were used.
Exercise the rights of a new branch of law that deals with the study of the legal effect of the exercise. Sport as a social phenomenon, due to the increasing development of the various nations, as a matter of science, will be examined. Rights as well as social development of sports systematic attempt is a social phenomenon. Discussion of civil liability, athletes, teachers, coaches, athletic directors, fans, creators and manufacturers of sporting or criminal topics in sports activities … Important issues of the sports rights. Sports Law refers to matters of the duties, authority and legal responsibility of all those who are somehow involved with sports activities, Makes clear. In other words, exercise the rights of the community to learn sport How can you participate in sporting activities Events due to its legal responsibilities ultimately punish and redress deprivation of rights leads to losses, They do not understand (14). From a legal perspective, physical laws can be divided into two main groups:
– Group of rules surrounding the main building and managing a sports game The rules and the right of every branch of physical activity is Like a football game except goalkeeper, the other players are not allowed to drive the ball with the hands, Play in the sports ground of certain flows, It is prohibited to attack the goalkeeper and the like. Violation of these rules’ sport error “and a special performance guarantee as a penalty has to be offending.
– Other rules, some special care and precautions imposed on the players and the safety of their players during the match and avoid violence and revenge and healthy sports environment (4).
Sports law, in essence, is a complex legal directory. In a general sense, is divided into two parts:
Criminal sporting rights, sporting rights and privacy, before the debate, it is necessary to exercise legal resources are examined. legal rules, the different forces and powers that exist in every community resources so that these forces are called rights. The role of each of these forces is different in each country. Resource rights of the constitution, custom, precedent, doctrine (13).
Now the question arises whether explicitly mentioned in the constitution of Sports or indirectly the legitimacy of the constitution gets? In an article we explore this question. In our country, the law is the law Source it with other sources of power should be equal, But all the texts of the law known as the Equal Credit not And there is a hierarchy between them must be considered in the first stage (6).
– Constitution
Constitution refers to a set of rules that indicates the cultural, social, political and economic society based on Islamic principles and criteria And the other set of rules that form of government, the country’s military powers, rights and freedoms of individuals, and the general outline of a country and to draw. Article III of the constitution of the physical facilities is free and is considered the responsibility of the state (2). This is understandable in terms of the following points carefully:
First physical education or exercise the mind is clear, and this marks a very important place among the sport’s most basic institutions of In other words, to exercise that degree of care which the most important legal document in the country’s constitution or basic position is located in the country’s institutions (2).
Second Row Education and higher education in the exercises to show that the view of the constitution, the exercise of a cultural institution to achieve the desired training system and not a financial institution and a series of physical movements.
The third exercise is the width of Education and not within or along the this means that the exercise of independent and critical role in achieving the goals of the system are Education is part of (2). Laws and regulations relating to the exercise of rights must be synchronized and aligned with the constitution And laws and regulations against the constitution may be revoked by the Guardian Council and the Court of Administrative Justice rejected.
– Common rules
What trends will exercise the rights in the criminal division, where, how private interest, it is referred to statutory laws. In the criminal penal code and in particular paragraph 3 of Article 59 of the Penal Code is invoked (18). The general rules of civil liability and responsibility in the exercise of civil law and civil liability law and other relevant laws of, and have been used.
– Custom sports
Custom sports including sporting rights resources. What action in civil liability that indicting (4). Customs determines athletic. Deliberate intent, and the error norm in sports, exercise sets. Transport systems as well as many of the customs and habits of players between clubs and players have originated. Perhaps the best proof of other nations imitate the conventions governing the transport system is another player.
– Regulations
The order regulations, regulations that have been imposed by the competent authorities exercise and regulations of the sport to the country, How do games and sport competitions and rules relating to player transfers are. These regulations shall be in accordance with the substantive laws and agree to be in opposition to the Constitution and common law country, anyone can request cancellation of the Administrative Court.
Sports Law Criminal law is one of the trends that will exercise the rights of Events. The Sporting events of offenses and quasi-offenses by athletes, teachers, coaches, administrators, fans and other sports equipment manufacturers … Carried out. These events may be the subject of health, life, property, honor, dignity and other legal entities are Sports are a way in which the scope of sports rights in our country is unfortunately not working this string field is too young, but the rules and regulations that govern the country mainly from external experts are used. Even in wrestling is considered the main exercise (19).
Theoretical principles of criminal responsibility arising from Operation Sports
Due to the harsh nature of some sports, they can cause damage to one or more players and may even lead to the death of the injured person. Can crime be punished? There are sayings in this regard, including:
First theory: a theory based on a lack of criminal intent (15): Some of these efforts have sports related injuries due to a lack of criminal intent beyond know of punishment. Data from the provincial vote in 1912, the French court issued according to which “ordinary crime beat in terms of feelings of hatred towards the opposite side of the attacker is While this feeling of hatred for a football player … No player just does his job and duty (15).
Second theory: a theory based on law and custom and habit allowed, “a condition precedent injuries from sports to comply with rules … Let the tradition would justify (15).’ Actual reason is that the athletes are not punished by law and custom and practice authorize such acts and in the early game due to injuries, players not traceable. . Laws and customs and habits of these sports if given permission and encouragement to each other, because of defense has maintained that they are recognized as legitimate. But if the player during the game, the rules are ignored Impacts due to error, and has since reckless imprudence and here are traceable and cannot be used according to law and custom search (15).
Third theory: a theory based on law and social mores allowed: Some lawyers believe that “approval under paragraph 3 of Article 59 of the Law on Criminal Justice of the resolves many of the problems and afflictions, and yet is a fully insured. In other words it is an immunity granted to athletes and this is no small advantage (15). “As a result of the exercise which is aimed at fostering healthy physical and morale of the people is it also sports facilities and attracting young people to the sport possible. Some lawyers believe that the public interest so requires the damage caused by exceptional sports activities sports happened when the standards and regulations have to be removed from the criminal laws (15). Fourth theory: a theory based on the Mjny consent: the damages resulting from the exercise of the doctrine of justification based on satisfying have Mjny against. Including that the community has recognized the sport. If it is done with mutual consent and during the injury and injuries to the parties, or it may even lead to death of the other racers will be no criminal responsibility (15). Some argue that no doubt hurt discretionary participation in sports, because of sports events will be seen as tacit acceptance of the risks .So taking sufferance Mjny against the criminal authorities, non-responsible sports action is necessary to identify the culprit. Otherwise, if it turns out another person affected by fraud and deceit against his desire and satisfaction being athletic operations and damage is visible, Warrant the inclusion of this clause is removed (14). I agree with the second comment, if the player is in the extent allowed by law and custom and habit Damage to the front of the case will not be prosecuted but if the prosecution has deliberately damaged.
Sports Leaders certain sense of responsibility
From the perspective of the law in the exercise of rights and Responsibilities managers to understand who the manager is called “Any form or another whether it’s in sports administration, human resources and on the subject of leadership and supervision facilities to undertake the task and failing in his duty if the accident is caused The criminal responsibility of the Director will … These include office managers, stadium managers, team leaders, coaches, teachers, sports and the like.”(۲). What is certain, selected by coaches, club staff, hire doctors, clubs, sports facilities and clubs are all selected by the Director or Directors Club In this case, the fault of the individuals responsible for each of these sports managers will Act in accordance with the general principles of criminal responsibility arising from any cause interference if they are known to just compensation And if an accident due to their direct responsibility, criminal responsibility shall arise alone. For example, to select and hire a physician who has expertise in sports medicine is an act of recklessness and negligence in the event of an accident caused by a medical doctor, is director of the Club jointly responsible for damages associated with the physicians. But if the manager of the club to buy equipment for hazardous and injured athletes from using these devices is collected in general terms about the criminal responsibility of the director of criminal responsibility would be.
Second issue: Responsibility of Judges
Athletic directors are a group of judges whose job is to run the Games. But the game is a general concept and overall it is one of the pillars of the judge and jury to determine the exclusive responsibility of error is a bad idea. Different sports involve a general base rules: Firstly, and secondly, obligations, powers. The duties of the jury contained in the various sporting codes and principles summarized in this review can be found the jury duties such as accident prevention, prevention of severe outcomes also are responsible for the events that happened. According to the rules and customs duties, judges generally exercise can be summarized as follows: A) Judges are responsible for preventing conflict and tensions between players from the moment of arrival until they leave the land. B) Judges should be governed according to the game.
Non-sporting situations may occur during a sporting event. Upon initial observation of this behavior is stopped by the referee and the police need to be used to maintain peace. Examples can be bad judgment on the referee’s poor performance, the competition playground permit conditions, allowed to continue playing despite dangerous weather conditions and finally the quality of the equipment used to visit the players noted (2). The federation’s disciplinary regulations and the technical assistance and punishment in violation of Article 20 of the referees has pointed Paragraph 8 of them in case of violation, the penalties such as a written reprimand, suspension of judgment, degrades the position of judge, jury nullification card, national and international federations are offered arbitration waiver card. Under the penal laws and the consequences of violating his constitutional rights no one can be either intentional, whether unintentional and judges, like other members of society to be protected against any indiscretions will guarantee the performance of their duties. Now the rules of some sports referee duties will include:
Swimming Article 1-2: The referee holding positions of supervision and control over all that he could to confirm their statements and writings and consider special cases and all orders and regulations to guide and advise them. He shall have power to make laws and decisions Fine (2).
Ship – Article 14: a jury of all tasks foreseen in wrestling and also special rules that may be imposed upon the organization of the tournament will take place (2).
Football: Five Votes law judge each game is determined by a judge. Responsible authority when he gets into the game begins. Judges discretion in sentencing error that even when players off the ball or stop the ball on the ground is done expanding. Referee decisions are made about the error, regardless of the outcome of the game would have to enforce the law (2).
Water Polo – Article 1-9: Absolute control of the game in the hands of judges. Their authority over the players during the game and as long as referees and players during the game and When referees and players are to be applied within the pool (2).
Basketball: Under Article 19 of the game referees will run according to the rules (2). One of the responsibilities of the referee “in the middle of a boxing match the referee’s responsibility to maintain the security of the competitors and to prevent injury typically is The referee does not do their job, not the time to stop, for example, why the parties are injured, if proven to be guilty in the middle of the referee (2).”
Third issue: the responsibility of the physician in Sports
The other people in the circular sport can be the responsibility of the team physician. Team physicians, medical professionals are committed to providing medical services to athletes of all or part of his wages by an institution or a legal person other than the patient or his family is provided. Team physician for the lack of legal duties and his contract is actually responsible. According to the doctor’s contract with the club and he is responsible for and committed to the athlete, Legal analysis in favor of a third party’s right to make contracts and raises. Selection and recruitment of skills in sports medicine, is not an act of indiscretion In the event of an accident caused by the negligence of a doctor, chief physician of the club together with the compensation (2).
Fourth issue: liability managers and club sports stadiums for safety violations
Sports clubs, managers responsible for safety violations against the owners or Squatters Sport fault in the design, construction, maintenance, repair, sports facilities charge. Athletic Directors responsibility regarding safety compliance and Sport also. Review regulations, statutes and regulations of various sports shows Coaches, athletic administrators have a duty to investigate and inspect the situation where there has been activity Just look up and to be free from any danger. Legal Aspects of Sport and its responsibilities limited to areas where the activity is not But all the places are somehow related with sports activities, although their use is not sport in this area will be discussed Such as locker rooms or athletic grandstand (4).
۱) Private Sports Law
The tendency of the law, we are one of the important issues involved in private law it is the civil liability arising from the exercise whenever someone their behavior is causing harm to another person’s legal rights. Otherwise we say that it has the legal responsibility. Sometimes treated as an offense against the law, the offender has the responsibility in the case of criminal and “in every case in which a person is bound to compensate any civil liability is to say against him (1).” So when an athlete dies in practice run fan error by his opponent’s offense and the offender’s criminal liability But if you unintentionally hit the ball on the ground near home window damage And the offending athlete is required to pay damages to ensure that we are civil liability. In some cases, surgery may involve both individual responsibilities. For example, if you perform an operation on the wrong sport, the opponent is broken; the offending athlete with civil and criminal liability shall be (1).
Civil liability arising from the exercise
The tendency of the law, we’ll explain the general rules of civil liability in Sports. Sports rights are very difficult to enforce general rules of responsibility ‘sport error appears in the Behavior and sportsmanlike athletic aware and cautious when adverse action is actually good measure “(4).We assume the attacker in each football player is the goalkeeper Grab and move the ball to the goalkeeper because he probably would not be able to shoot the ball into the goal. Thus, the firing of cannon and the firm must choose the one with the goalkeeper. It seems that the behavior of an athlete jumping aware and cautious not to shoot the ball and the goalkeeper is the best solution If these conditions do not striker acts he has committed an error of sports. A law of civil liability which in this case is one of the major sources provides: ’Anyone without legal authorization intentionally or carelessly, resulting in a life or health or property or freedom or dignity or business reputation, or any other right which the law has created damage to persons Another disadvantage is that the material or moral damages resulting from their actions will be.’
Relation between the game athletes
Competitive sports, while the vitality and mental health is occasionally cause risks and expressing the violating member Maim multiplication and leads to death. Caught in the way the law is in doubt is whether the avoidance of risks ahead and risky to exclude or so sports fans eagerly responded to (6). In our country, the Islamic culture, society, sport some legitimacy is questioned. “As sports and competitions involving harassment or harassment itself is non-religious forms (5). Sports competitions requires self-torment is like a mother and running a gym in his heart damage to his spinal cord and gymnastic person if they exceed their limit will and professional sport address. Harassment of other sports such as karate, boxing… However, the most dangerous sports in the world of sports there are and lawyers have to review the legal aspects of the sport. The nature of the sport and its distinguishing features from multiple views can be viewed athlete relationship:
Sports fault concept that cannot be achieved with the general rules of civil liability and legal responsibility for a series of original and independent exercise should be studied separately, error count, and sport and practice of habit Defines, acme, and the customs of the Federation International development and the set of such rules can be inserted and then adjusted and corrected. And the fault is simply unreasonable risk of harm involved, the factors that contribute to the realization of: Act committed by someone the victim aggravated the injury in the event and those who are committed to issues such as: Children, the elderly and the general population. Violating the rules of the game and not respecting the legally required precautions are also to blame, because the athlete is reasonable, no such behavior. So it is said that in view of the sport’s fault must first be interpreted as violating the rules of the particular game. Contrary to paragraph 3 of Article 59 of the Penal Code, which is a violation of this section is guilty of sports, In this section, we are among the acts that are not crimes, “Operation of sports-related injuries, accidents due to violation of the condition that it will not exercise Sharia is not against the rules, too. ‘ Logic sentence credit provisions apply to sport in general is illegal according to the rules and regulations approved by the guilty perpetrator know of exercise. But it is opposed to the concept of violation subject to the general rules. So said a bunch of errors that will be made in delivering a boxing beating and is guilty.
– Take the risk and consent acting on behalf of the injured athlete and his harmful act, even in what hurts him to life and health, Above all, practice forgiveness, courage and moral edification bold sports games, legal and other mental factor that slows the weapon. This is not the unforgivable crime of intentional assault. So why is someone who will field their Or a broken leg and broken ribs come out not only his pride did not see Gone with the Wind It also is proud of his complaint is faced with public humiliation (10). Probably due to violation coaching athletes do, win at any cost by audience applause or reaction that can be represented in games, the specific areas of ethical debate are considered. However, there is a fine distinction between what is and what exactly is negligible racing is illegal in the community is difficult. Abuse and brutality within the ring, boxing and ice hockey and field hockey, but the same is outside the scope of the legal community and the legal system should not be overlooked (2). And hit the opponent in boxing, karate and wrestling, and tennis and volleyball permissible errors (2).
Conjunction with spectators, athletes and race organizers
Racing car when the car is in the audience. Or soccer ball with great speed to the spectators back to the gate. Do Responsible sports athletes? It seems that athletes are Responsible the security of any commitments made by them towards the audience has not and also applies to the fault of the appears to rule out such acts. So we can say that such actions are not causing any responsibility for harmful actions. If you play sports players in the specific location and to observe the rules of the game, Have no responsibility to the audience at risk because they cannot exercise the standard of behavior expected. But the organizers have a responsibility to the audience how is the game? It may be argued that the spectators at the dangerously athletic fields, implicitly acknowledged the possible effects of this action are But this argument is only possible in some forms of audience participation aspect of the account is free. However, this assumption can be said to play nice with others has brought a dangerous place, Should be Responsible for damages resulting from the action of free competition, it does not lessen the responsibility. In short, avoid risk prediction tools, general obligation of any event, whether the audience or make them free grant money, Except that the latter is the responsibility of organizing and fault-related risks, but, The common assumption of tickets to see the match, undoubtedly, this condition implies (Construction) that Their safety is maintained while watching games. Commitment to safety should be considered the original Pact Landscape Supplies, Slightly hesitant because they can be custom built to meet. The only doubt about the official contest organizers and ticket sellers (2). The responsibility for any harm that the audience sees the contract, unless it is proved from the Cairo branch or viewer’s error and systematic rape has been established. It has been argued that confirm and justify the audience has no role in the contract and seek only to satisfy their spiritual danger of not accepting. The party also asked to be formed based on the structure of the observer is to support the conclusion (2). Author: Our profession has no color Sports clubs and associations have not found the creative integrity of the sport to a new order As mentioned in the main sport of wrestling, which is considered as the rules and regulations of foreign countries are used. We still have people look at exercise as a moral virtue and it knows some form of entertainment and benefit from the education and health of its expected by the human mind and body are. All laws in foreign countries and blindly accept all major sports. I hope that in the future we’re experts in sports rules and regulations to regulate the sport and establish.
The Role of Media in Sports
Ethical role of the media in promoting and reinforcing a negative stereotype about the racial minorities and women is debatable. In Western societies, women show bad effects seen in sports magazines. Instead of focusing on female athletes athletic ability and skill are usually focused on their physical attraction. When it comes to girls and women in sport, gender, language use in the media is not uncommon. Gambling is a contract between two or more people who are still too specific game and won each of them to give him a certain property of others. Gambling transactions in a row that the social order is not based on commercial principles. Gambling transactions in a row that the social order is not based on commercial principles. Invalidity of the commitment of the two, is illegitimate because it could not establish a civil religion, it is a matter of “654” AH. M. says: “Gambling void and recurrent cases it would not be unheard. All obligations of this provision is that the current production of illicit transactions. ‘So if someone loses the gamble paid off their debts and gives the winner a document that expressed the court document and will require commitment, Can read the article cited above, has defended the commitment of the witnesses to prove that gambling is not a party to the claim (7). The media have been accused of legalizing gambling in sports. They are subject to copyright, and advertising and the like, which are more accessible to them. In states where gambling is illegal in America, through the media Activities not play them, they support the sport of corruption, largely but not completely reduced. Some sources accuse the media of unethical behavior in sports have. They glorify violence, which often used to promote events; because of modeling kids will have devastating effects on their behavior. Slow and steady over the game, especially in terms of violence that has been created to reflect the more violent the audience. In determining what news is and what’s news, sports complex is another problem faced by the media. What about sports figures are confidential and what is newsworthy, or know what is valuable and what is worthless and worth writing another challenges. Despite the above process, media players and convey the spirit of keeping professional sports championships are important to the community, for professionals and amateurs often displayed by the media and the public are. And the audience will be attracted media attention.
Conclusions
Exercise the rights of a new branch of law that deals with the study of the legal effect of the exercise. Sport as a social phenomenon, due to the increasing development of the various nations, as a matter of science is examined. Rights as well as social development of sports systematic attempt is a social phenomenon. Sports Law Legal sources that include constitution, custom, precedent and doctrine. The discussion civil and criminal liability athletes, teachers, coaches, athletic directors, fans, creators and manufacturers of sporting goods, sports rights issues, sports law, in essence, is a complex legal field, in a general sense to the two sports rights criminal and private sports rights are split. Aghaie Niya (1369) in his book on sports rights and general principles of criminal law as well as incidents in sports Operations and civic responsibility in sports deals and the conclusion is reached that this author: Finally, the issue of criminal law, tort, fault, liability, penalties, compensation and condemnation of such issues is And sports management with insight into a broader awareness of the realities of the legal duty to the ultimate sports injury and remain inviolate. Katouzian (1378) allied to all kinds of sports law and sports law and liability arising from errors that can be studied in three areas: 1) in relation to the sports athletes, 2) the relationship between athletes and coaches with third parties, and especially the audience, 3) in relation to athletes and coaches and athletic institutions is discussed. Najafi Tavana (17) allied to regulatory approvals in connection with the exercise of the most special part of the international agreement that deals In the case of sports events as well as any physical injury, financial or mental exercise, during exercise, whether in competition or training that is deemed to be entered on the other hand, This sports and sporting events with the provisions of the law or rules is not a criminal offense subject to a condition not related injuries, sports operations. However, in connection with the exercise of any kind, the regulations governing the observance of rules and regulations will make it the first: Secondly, the physical and mental aspects of sport education: Attractiveness and thirdly to health and environment of the sports require athletes. The rules are different in every sport under certain conditions, some of which have an international dimension. In the end sports Law what refers to a series of duties, authority and legal responsibility of all those who are somehow involved with sports activities makes clear. To extradite Sports in operation in the third paragraph of Article 59 of the Civil Code and the Penal Code According to general principles of law and the courts to consider certain rules and regulations set forth in each sport in which the game is based, Errors and general guidelines to be established by international sporting organizations As well as the rights are issued within However, what is certain is that in the case of sports events and personal injury damaging About laws and regulations and shall be responsible for damages to cope. While the scope of these responsibilities are not only athletes, but also officials, including sporting venues, Sport Makers in action, not even the fans of certain tasks must be accountable to their tasks. But the general rules of liability in the exercise of rights is not possible, for some crimes, such as assaults, sometimes praised in this context is permissible And the standard error of a sports athlete, knowledgeable and prudent action in situations that would actually be detrimental And the legitimate urgency and the circumstances are taken into account.
Sources:
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